This page provides an introduction to basic Android Studio features. For a summary of the latest changes, see Android Studio release notes. Each project in Android Studio contains one or more modules with source code files and resource files. Types of modules include:. By default, Android Studio displays your project files in the Android project view, as shown in figure 1. This view is organized by modules to provide quick access to your project's key source files.

All the build files are visible at the top level under Gradle Scripts and each app module contains the following folders:. The Android project structure on disk differs from this flattened representation. To see the actual file structure of the project, select Project from the Project dropdown in figure 1, it's showing as Android. You can also customize the view of the project files to focus on specific aspects of your app development.

For example, selecting the Problems view of your project displays links to the source files containing any recognized coding and syntax errors, such as a missing XML element closing tag in a layout file. Figure 2. The project files in Problems view, showing a layout file with a problem. You can organize the main window to give yourself more screen space by hiding or moving toolbars and tool windows. You can also use keyboard shortcuts to access most IDE features. At any time, you can search across your source code, databases, actions, elements of the user interface, and so on, by double-pressing the Shift key, or clicking the magnifying glass in the upper right-hand corner of the Android Studio window.

This can be very useful if, for example, you are trying to locate a particular IDE action that you have forgotten how to trigger. Instead of using preset perspectives, Android Studio follows your context and automatically brings up relevant tool windows as you work.

By default, the most commonly used tool windows are pinned to the tool window bar at the edges of the application window. You can also use keyboard shortcuts to open tool windows. Table 1 lists the shortcuts for the most common windows. Table 1. Keyboard shortcuts for some useful tool windows. This enables Distraction Free Mode. You can use Speed Search to search and filter within most tool windows in Android Studio.

To use Speed Search, select the tool window and then type your search query. Android Studio has three types of code completion, which you can access using keyboard shortcuts. Table 2. Keyboard shortcuts for code completion. The Code Sample Browser in Android Studio helps you find high-quality, Google-provided Android code samples based on the currently highlighted symbol in your project. For more information, see Find sample code. As you edit, Android Studio automatically applies formatting and styles as specified in your code style settings.

You can customize the code style settings by programming language, including specifying conventions for tabs and indents, spaces, wrapping and braces, and blank lines.

After importing your app into Android Studio, use the Android Studio VCS menu options to enable VCS support for the desired version control system, create a repository, import the new files into version control, and perform other version control operations:. Android Studio uses Gradle as the foundation of the build system, with more Android-specific capabilities provided by the Android plugin for Gradle.

This build system runs as an integrated tool from the Android Studio menu, and independently from the command line. You can use the features of the build system to do the following:. By employing the flexibility of Gradle, you can achieve all of this without modifying your app's core source files.

Android Studio build files are named build. They are plain text files that use Groovy syntax to configure the build with elements provided by the Android plugin for Gradle.

Each project has one top-level build file for the entire project and separate module-level build files for each module. When you import an existing project, Android Studio automatically generates the necessary build files.

To learn more about the build system and how to configure, see Configure your build. The build system can help you create different versions of the same application from a single project. This is useful when you have both a free version and a paid version of your app, or if you want to distribute multiple APKs for different device configurations on Google Play. For more information about configuring build variants, see Configure build variants.

Multiple APK support allows you to efficiently create multiple APKs based on screen density or ABI. For example, you can create separate APKs of an app for the hdpi and mdpi screen densities, while still considering them a single variant and allowing them to share test APK, javac, dx, and ProGuard settings.

For more information about multiple APK support, read Build multiple APKs. Resource shrinking in Android Studio automatically removes unused resources from your packaged app and library dependencies. For example, if your application is using Google Play services to access Google Drive functionality, and you are not currently using Google Sign-In , then resource shrinking can remove the various drawable assets for the SignInButton buttons.

Note: Resource shrinking works in conjunction with code shrinking tools, such as ProGuard. For more information on shrinking code and resources, see Shrink your code and resources. Dependencies for your project are specified by name in the build.

gradle file. Gradle takes care of finding your dependencies and making them available in your build. You can declare module dependencies, remote binary dependencies, and local binary dependencies in your build. Android Studio configures projects to use the Maven Central Repository by default. This configuration is included in the top-level build file for the project. For more information about configuring dependencies, read Add build dependencies. Android Studio assists you in debugging and improving the performance of your code, including inline debugging and performance analysis tools.

Use inline debugging to enhance your code walk-throughs in the debugger view with inline verification of references, expressions, and variable values. Inline debug information includes:. We also used voter registration data from the California Secretary of State to compare the party registration of registered voters in our sample to party registration statewide.

The sampling error, taking design effects from weighting into consideration, is ±3. This means that 95 times out of , the results will be within 3. The sampling error for unweighted subgroups is larger: for the 1, registered voters, the sampling error is ±4. For the sampling errors of additional subgroups, please see the table at the end of this section.

Sampling error is only one type of error to which surveys are subject. Results may also be affected by factors such as question wording, question order, and survey timing. We present results for five geographic regions, accounting for approximately 90 percent of the state population. Residents of other geographic areas are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters, but sample sizes for these less-populous areas are not large enough to report separately.

We also present results for congressional districts currently held by Democrats or Republicans, based on residential zip code and party of the local US House member. We compare the opinions of those who report they are registered Democrats, registered Republicans, and no party preference or decline-to-state or independent voters; the results for those who say they are registered to vote in other parties are not large enough for separate analysis.

We also analyze the responses of likely voters—so designated per their responses to survey questions about voter registration, previous election participation, intentions to vote this year, attention to election news, and current interest in politics. The percentages presented in the report tables and in the questionnaire may not add to due to rounding.

Additional details about our methodology can be found at www. pdf and are available upon request through surveys ppic. October 14—23, 1, California adult residents; 1, California likely voters English, Spanish. Margin of error ±3. Percentages may not add up to due to rounding. Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Gavin Newsom is handling his job as governor of California?

Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California Legislature is handling its job? Do you think things in California are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction? Thinking about your own personal finances—would you say that you and your family are financially better off, worse off, or just about the same as a year ago?

Next, some people are registered to vote and others are not. Are you absolutely certain that you are registered to vote in California? Are you registered as a Democrat, a Republican, another party, or are you registered as a decline-to-state or independent voter? Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not a very strong Republican?

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or Democratic Party? Which one of the seven state propositions on the November 8 ballot are you most interested in? Initiative Constitutional Amendment and Statute. It allows in-person sports betting at racetracks and tribal casinos, and requires that racetracks and casinos that offer sports betting to make certain payments to the state—such as to support state regulatory costs. The fiscal impact is increased state revenues, possibly reaching tens of millions of dollars annually.

Some of these revenues would support increased state regulatory and enforcement costs that could reach the low tens of millions of dollars annually. If the election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 26?

Initiative Constitutional Amendment. It allows Indian tribes and affiliated businesses to operate online and mobile sports wagering outside tribal lands. It directs revenues to regulatory costs, homelessness programs, and nonparticipating tribes. Some revenues would support state regulatory costs, possibly reaching the mid-tens of millions of dollars annually. If the election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 27? Initiative Statute. It allocates tax revenues to zero-emission vehicle purchase incentives, vehicle charging stations, and wildfire prevention.

If the election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 30? Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Joe Biden is handling his job as president? Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Alex Padilla is handling his job as US Senator? Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Dianne Feinstein is handling her job as US Senator? Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?

Do you think things in the United States are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction? How satisfied are you with the way democracy is working in the United States? Are you very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, not too satisfied, or not at all satisfied? These days, do you feel [rotate] [1] optimistic [or] [2] pessimistic that Americans of different political views can still come together and work out their differences? What is your opinion with regard to race relations in the United States today?

Would you say things are [rotate 1 and 2] [1] better , [2] worse , or about the same than they were a year ago? When it comes to racial discrimination, which do you think is the bigger problem for the country today—[rotate] [1] People seeing racial discrimination where it really does NOT exist [or] [2] People NOT seeing racial discrimination where it really DOES exist?

Next, Next, would you consider yourself to be politically: [read list, rotate order top to bottom]. Generally speaking, how much interest would you say you have in politics—a great deal, a fair amount, only a little, or none?

Mark Baldassare is president and CEO of the Public Policy Institute of California, where he holds the Arjay and Frances Fearing Miller Chair in Public Policy. He is a leading expert on public opinion and survey methodology, and has directed the PPIC Statewide Survey since He is an authority on elections, voter behavior, and political and fiscal reform, and the author of ten books and numerous publications.

Before joining PPIC, he was a professor of urban and regional planning in the School of Social Ecology at the University of California, Irvine, where he held the Johnson Chair in Civic Governance. He has conducted surveys for the Los Angeles Times , the San Francisco Chronicle , and the California Business Roundtable. He holds a PhD in sociology from the University of California, Berkeley. Dean Bonner is associate survey director and research fellow at PPIC, where he coauthors the PPIC Statewide Survey—a large-scale public opinion project designed to develop an in-depth profile of the social, economic, and political attitudes at work in California elections and policymaking.

He has expertise in public opinion and survey research, political attitudes and participation, and voting behavior. Before joining PPIC, he taught political science at Tulane University and was a research associate at the University of New Orleans Survey Research Center.

He holds a PhD and MA in political science from the University of New Orleans. Rachel Lawler is a survey analyst at the Public Policy Institute of California, where she works with the statewide survey team.

In that role, she led and contributed to a variety of quantitative and qualitative studies for both government and corporate clients. She holds an MA in American politics and foreign policy from the University College Dublin and a BA in political science from Chapman University.

Deja Thomas is a survey analyst at the Public Policy Institute of California, where she works with the statewide survey team.

Prior to joining PPIC, she was a research assistant with the social and demographic trends team at the Pew Research Center. In that role, she contributed to a variety of national quantitative and qualitative survey studies. She holds a BA in psychology from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

This survey was supported with funding from the Arjay and Frances F. Ruben Barrales Senior Vice President, External Relations Wells Fargo. Mollyann Brodie Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Bruce E. Cain Director Bill Lane Center for the American West Stanford University. Jon Cohen Chief Research Officer and Senior Vice President, Strategic Partnerships and Business Development Momentive-AI.

Joshua J. Dyck Co-Director Center for Public Opinion University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Lisa García Bedolla Vice Provost for Graduate Studies and Dean of the Graduate Division University of California, Berkeley.

Russell Hancock President and CEO Joint Venture Silicon Valley. Sherry Bebitch Jeffe Professor Sol Price School of Public Policy University of Southern California. Carol S. Larson President Emeritus The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Lisa Pitney Vice President of Government Relations The Walt Disney Company. Robert K. Ross, MD President and CEO The California Endowment. Most Reverend Jaime Soto Bishop of Sacramento Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento.

Helen Iris Torres CEO Hispanas Organized for Political Equality. David C. Wilson, PhD Dean and Professor Richard and Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy University of California, Berkeley.

Chet Hewitt, Chair President and CEO Sierra Health Foundation. Mark Baldassare President and CEO Public Policy Institute of California. Ophelia Basgal Affiliate Terner Center for Housing Innovation University of California, Berkeley.

Louise Henry Bryson Chair Emerita, Board of Trustees J. Paul Getty Trust. Sandra Celedon President and CEO Fresno Building Healthy Communities.

Marisa Chun Judge, Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco. Steven A. Leon E. Panetta Chairman The Panetta Institute for Public Policy. Cassandra Walker Pye President Lucas Public Affairs.

Gaddi H. Vasquez Retired Senior Vice President, Government Affairs Edison International Southern California Edison. The Public Policy Institute of California is dedicated to informing and improving public policy in California through independent, objective, nonpartisan research. PPIC is a public charity. It does not take or support positions on any ballot measures or on any local, state, or federal legislation, nor does it endorse, support, or oppose any political parties or candidates for public office.

Short sections of text, not to exceed three paragraphs, may be quoted without written permission provided that full attribution is given to the source. Research publications reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or of the staff, officers, advisory councils, or board of directors of the Public Policy Institute of California.

This website uses cookies to analyze site traffic and to allow users to complete forms on the site. PPIC does not share, trade, sell, or otherwise disclose personal information. PPIC Water Policy Center. PPIC Statewide Survey.

Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment IDE for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA. On top of IntelliJ's powerful code editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers even more features that enhance your productivity when building Android apps, such as:.

This page provides an introduction to basic Android Studio features. For a summary of the latest changes, see Android Studio release notes. Each project in Android Studio contains one or more modules with source code files and resource files. Types of modules include:. By default, Android Studio displays your project files in the Android project view, as shown in figure 1. This view is organized by modules to provide quick access to your project's key source files.

All the build files are visible at the top level under Gradle Scripts and each app module contains the following folders:. The Android project structure on disk differs from this flattened representation. To see the actual file structure of the project, select Project from the Project dropdown in figure 1, it's showing as Android. You can also customize the view of the project files to focus on specific aspects of your app development. For example, selecting the Problems view of your project displays links to the source files containing any recognized coding and syntax errors, such as a missing XML element closing tag in a layout file.

Figure 2. The project files in Problems view, showing a layout file with a problem. You can organize the main window to give yourself more screen space by hiding or moving toolbars and tool windows. You can also use keyboard shortcuts to access most IDE features. At any time, you can search across your source code, databases, actions, elements of the user interface, and so on, by double-pressing the Shift key, or clicking the magnifying glass in the upper right-hand corner of the Android Studio window.

This can be very useful if, for example, you are trying to locate a particular IDE action that you have forgotten how to trigger. Instead of using preset perspectives, Android Studio follows your context and automatically brings up relevant tool windows as you work. By default, the most commonly used tool windows are pinned to the tool window bar at the edges of the application window. You can also use keyboard shortcuts to open tool windows.

Table 1 lists the shortcuts for the most common windows. Table 1. Keyboard shortcuts for some useful tool windows. This enables Distraction Free Mode. You can use Speed Search to search and filter within most tool windows in Android Studio.

To use Speed Search, select the tool window and then type your search query. Android Studio has three types of code completion, which you can access using keyboard shortcuts. Table 2. Keyboard shortcuts for code completion. The Code Sample Browser in Android Studio helps you find high-quality, Google-provided Android code samples based on the currently highlighted symbol in your project. For more information, see Find sample code. As you edit, Android Studio automatically applies formatting and styles as specified in your code style settings.

You can customize the code style settings by programming language, including specifying conventions for tabs and indents, spaces, wrapping and braces, and blank lines. After importing your app into Android Studio, use the Android Studio VCS menu options to enable VCS support for the desired version control system, create a repository, import the new files into version control, and perform other version control operations:.

Android Studio uses Gradle as the foundation of the build system, with more Android-specific capabilities provided by the Android plugin for Gradle. This build system runs as an integrated tool from the Android Studio menu, and independently from the command line.

You can use the features of the build system to do the following:. By employing the flexibility of Gradle, you can achieve all of this without modifying your app's core source files. Android Studio build files are named build. They are plain text files that use Groovy syntax to configure the build with elements provided by the Android plugin for Gradle.

Each project has one top-level build file for the entire project and separate module-level build files for each module. When you import an existing project, Android Studio automatically generates the necessary build files.

To learn more about the build system and how to configure, see Configure your build. The build system can help you create different versions of the same application from a single project. This is useful when you have both a free version and a paid version of your app, or if you want to distribute multiple APKs for different device configurations on Google Play.

For more information about configuring build variants, see Configure build variants. Multiple APK support allows you to efficiently create multiple APKs based on screen density or ABI.

For example, you can create separate APKs of an app for the hdpi and mdpi screen densities, while still considering them a single variant and allowing them to share test APK, javac, dx, and ProGuard settings.

For more information about multiple APK support, read Build multiple APKs. Resource shrinking in Android Studio automatically removes unused resources from your packaged app and library dependencies. For example, if your application is using Google Play services to access Google Drive functionality, and you are not currently using Google Sign-In , then resource shrinking can remove the various drawable assets for the SignInButton buttons.

Note: Resource shrinking works in conjunction with code shrinking tools, such as ProGuard. For more information on shrinking code and resources, see Shrink your code and resources. Dependencies for your project are specified by name in the build. gradle file. Gradle takes care of finding your dependencies and making them available in your build. You can declare module dependencies, remote binary dependencies, and local binary dependencies in your build.

Android Studio configures projects to use the Maven Central Repository by default. This configuration is included in the top-level build file for the project. For more information about configuring dependencies, read Add build dependencies. Android Studio assists you in debugging and improving the performance of your code, including inline debugging and performance analysis tools. Use inline debugging to enhance your code walk-throughs in the debugger view with inline verification of references, expressions, and variable values.

Inline debug information includes:. To enable inline debugging, in the Debug window, click Settings and select the checkbox for Show Values Inline. With your app running on a device or emulator, open the Android Profiler tab. For more information about performance profilers, see Performance profiling tools. The HPROF viewer displays classes, instances of each class, and a reference tree to help you track memory usage and find memory leaks.

For more information about working with heap dumps, see Inspect the heap and allocations. You can use Memory Profiler to track memory allocation and watch where objects are being allocated when you perform certain actions.

For information about tracking and analyzing allocations, see Inspect the heap and allocations. The Android SDK tools, such as Systrace , and logcat , generate performance and debugging data for detailed app analysis.

To view the available generated data files, open the Captures tool window. In the list of the generated files, double-click a file to view the data. Right-click any. hprof files to convert them to the standard Investigate your RAM usage file format. Whenever you compile your program, Android Studio automatically runs configured Lint and other IDE inspections to help you easily identify and correct problems with the structural quality of your code.

The Lint tool checks your Android project source files for potential bugs and optimization improvements for correctness, security, performance, usability, accessibility, and internationalization.

Figure 7. The results of a Lint inspection in Android Studio. In addition to Lint checks, Android Studio also performs IntelliJ code inspections and validates annotations to streamline your coding workflow. Android Studio supports annotations for variables, parameters, and return values to help you catch bugs, such as null pointer exceptions and resource type conflicts. The Android SDK Manager packages the Support-Annotations library in the Android Support Repository for use with Android Studio.

Android Studio validates the configured annotations during code inspection. For more details about Android annotations, see Improve code inspection with annotations.

When you build and run your app with Android Studio, you can view adb output and device log messages in the Logcat window. You can sign in to your developer account in Android Studio to access additional tools that requires authentication, such as Cloud Tools for Android Studio and the App Actions test tool. By signing in, you give those tools permission to view and manage your data across Google services. After you open a project in Android Studio, you can sign in to your developer account or switch developer accounts, as follows:.

Click the profile icon at the end of the toolbar, as shown in figure 8. Figure 8. Click the profile icon at the end of the toolbar to sign in. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the Content License. Platform Android Studio Google Play Jetpack Kotlin Docs Games. Android Studio. Download What's new User guide Preview.

Platform Android Studio Download What's new User guide Preview Google Play Jetpack Kotlin Docs Games. Meet Android Studio.

Dari hasil penjualan, Anda berhak mendapatkan persentase keuntungan tiap bulannya. Investasi jangka panjang sangat cocok untuk Anda yang hendak menabung untuk tujuan yang cukup lama, contohnya menikah, dana pensiun dan biaya pendidikan. For instance early versions of Python 3. Archived PDF from the original on The colors indicate how bits from the code point are distributed among the UTF-8 bytes. Unicode Technical Report 26 [74] assigns the name CESU-8 to a nonstandard variant of UTF-8, in which Unicode characters in supplementary planes are encoded using six bytes, rather than the four bytes required by UTF

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